programming-history

Terminology

bit
smallest unit of information (1/0, true/false, on/off...): Coined by John Tukey in 1946 (internal memo 1947). First published use by Claude Shannon in 1948.
byte
smallest usable data size for a processor: Coined by Werner Bucholz (internal memo 1956) to describe 1-6 bit bytes.
nybble
half a byte: unknown origin (referenced in IBM 360 documentation?).
word
native data size for a processor: Used by Alan Turing, *Proposed Electronic Calculator* (“The ACE Report”).

References